Cameroon - Water - Waste treatment

The National Development Strategy (NDS 30) places sanitation among the priorities for the country's development. Decentralized local authorities are responsible for the collection and treatment of household waste, the production of which is driven by population growth and urbanization.

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Cameroon produces 600,000 tons of plastic waste each year, which piles up in illegal dumps or pollutes waterways. Many local businesses have decided to start collecting and recycling this non-biodegradable waste and are now finding numerous opportunities.

The Hygiene and Health Company (Hysacam), the main waste treatment operator, is responsible for cleaning up the various Cameroonian towns where it operates.

Other initiatives coexist. In Yaoundé, which is experiencing a population growth of 41.3 million people per year and has a population of nearly 2 million, Cameroon's leading renewable energy and waste treatment company, Green Power Biotechnology, uses a technique to produce biogas from household waste. 1,200 tons of household waste are generated per day.

By early 2023, 40 tons of waste per day will be able to be processed in Mbouda. This is the culmination of a three-year action plan supported by Syctom. Construction of the waste treatment center in Mbouda began in September 2022, with commissioning scheduled for 2023. The facility will be capable of processing up to 14,000 tons of waste per year, or 40 tons per day. The waste will also be recycled after passing through sorting and composting units. Led by the Élans association, the project was launched in early 2020. Grants have already been used to prepare the site, consolidate the waste management plan, identify 12 collection points, train staff, and acquire land.

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Stema produces and markets environmentally friendly charcoal. The production process is simple: waste is collected from households, sorted, and dried. It is then carbonized in an oxygen-deficient environment. In September 2022, Stema Group opened a bilingual vocational training center dedicated to renewable energy careers.

In June 2022, the authorities signed an agreement with the French company Setec Énergie Environnement to conduct a feasibility study on the infrastructure that will strengthen waste management systems in 27 cities. The aim is to identify and size these sorting infrastructures. The study will last one year and will be funded to the tune of 382 million CFA francs (over 582,000 euros) by the French Ministry of the Economy.

Furthermore, the treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with the Weecam project is one of the keys to a more efficient recycling system.

Since January 1, 2022, a special excise duty of around 1% of the taxable value of all imported goods has been applied in Cameroon to finance the collection and treatment of waste for the benefit of decentralized local authorities. This measure does not apply to goods entering Cameroon duty-free, in accordance with the provisions of the Customs Code of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC).