Cameroon - Water - Improving the supply of and access to drinking water and sanitation

Despite the abundance of resources, significant inequalities exist between rural and urban areas. In rural areas, only 43.51 million people have access to drinking water. For some residents, river and backwater water is the only accessible source of water.

Since 2005, Cameroon has aligned itself with the objectives of the United Nations and has committed to integrating the National Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management (PANGIRE).

According to Cameroon's National Institute of Statistics (INS), in 2018, the rate of access to drinking water was 77% in urban areas. The Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (Camwater), the public office in charge of water distribution, has undertaken several projects in recent years aimed at improving drinking water supply in urban and peri-urban areas, such as the water supply programs in the cities of Dschang, Garoua-Boulai, Garoua, Maroua, Yabassi, Meyomessala, Nkongsamba, and Melong. Since 2019, the country has been aiming for a drinking water access rate of 75% by the end of 2022.

In 2022, Camwater implemented the project to design, rehabilitate and construct drinking water supply systems in 20 cities in Cameroon.

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The installed water production capacity is 731,080 m3 per day and a total storage capacity of approximately 253,374 m3. The government, through Camwater, signed an agreement with the Indian company WPIL, which specializes in the commissioning and maintenance of pumping systems, for the construction of these drinking water production centers. The contract covers the design, rehabilitation, and construction of drinking water supply systems in six of Cameroon's ten regions, including the Center, Littoral, West, Northwest, Southwest, and South. The total targeted capacity is 300,000 m3 per day. This project, initiated in 2018, requires an investment of €51 million (or 34 billion CFA francs). The project also combines the hydraulic expertise of the Cameroonian company Nkah Engineering. The company will be responsible for the supply and installation of pumps, the construction of water storage tanks, and the construction and rehabilitation of drinking water supply systems, including treatment plants. It also plans to build 25 simplified drinking water supply systems (AEPS) and 874,000 public latrines in the Adamaoua, North, and Far North regions.

This contract between Cameroon and WPIL is an integral part of the country's water supply master plan, which aims to achieve a water supply rate of 85% by 2032. To achieve this, cities are a priority. This drinking water project will benefit the cities of Bafia, Bokito, Mbandjock, Ombessa, Nanga Eboko, Ngoumou, and Akonolinga in the Central region; Manjo and Dibombari in the Littoral region; Bambui, Bambili, Nkambé, Bali, and Fundong in the North West region; Kumba and Mamfe, two cosmopolitan cities in the South West region; Bana and Bansoa in the West region; and Ebolowa, the capital of the South region.

As part of the Cameroon Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PAEA-MRU), the government also launched the construction of 25 simplified drinking water supply systems (AEPS) and 874,000 public latrines in the Adamawa, North, and Far North regions. Taking another step toward achieving its objectives for the PAEA-MRU, the government is relying on 18 billion CFA francs (nearly €27.45 million) in financing from the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Ultimately, the initiative aims to build 88 simplified drinking water supply systems in Cameroon.

There is also talk of a project to build 1,926 boreholes equipped with human-powered pumps in the northern regions.